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The end of the startup bubble has pushed French professionals to reconsider
their situation as expatriates. They have realized how fragile their position
was in the Silicon Valley due to tough visa requirements, lack of foreign
Graduate degree recognition and the lack of support within the French community.
The existence of a strong French community network in the USA is an important
contribution to the Silicon Valley economy and the image of France abroad.
SiliconFrench's goal is to merge the best features of the two cultures.
It aims at educating people into a new way of succeeding with the help of each
other in the most positive way. For instance, the strong communication skills
(presentation, speed reading, etc.) and leadership (organization, teamwork,
etc.) of the American society and the strong French scientific education are
complementary and should be combined for bettering the career of the French
professional in California.
I coordinate the Sophia-Antipolis chapter devoted to federate the French
Graduate Engineering Schools, events, people, organizations and what ever
which may highlight High Technologies.
complete a form to get in touch with InterFrench Côte d'Azur
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French Postal Stamps
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US Postal Stamps
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Tunisian Postal Stamps
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German Postal Stamps
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Yvert & Tellier, Stamps Postage Reference Manual
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Cérès, Stamps Postage Reference Manual
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| A | - Berlin |
| D | - Munich |
| F | - Stuttgart |
| G | - Karlsruhe |
| J | - Hambourg |
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| Percentage | Name | Composition |
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| 92% | Standard gold, Great Britain | 92Au, 8Cu |
| 92% | Gold 22 carat dental, dark | 92Au, 4.9Ag, 31Cu |
| 92% | Pale yellow gold | 92Au, 0-8.3Ag. 0-8.3Fe |
| 91.66% | Gold 22 carat | 91.66Au, 4.16Ag, 4.16Cu |
| 90% | Coinage | 90Au, 10Cu |
| 90% | White gold, palladium gold | 90Au, 10Pd |
| 60-90% | Rhotanium | 60-90Au, 10-40Pd |
| 86% | Gray gold | 86Au, 5.7-17Fe, 0-8.6Ag |
| 85% | Gold 20 carat | 84Au, 8.3-11Ag, 6-8.3Cu |
| 84% | Jewelry | 84Au, 16Cu |
| 79% | Roberts-Austen (purple gold) | 79Au, 21Al |
| 75% | Blue gold | 75Au, 25Fe |
| 75-85% | White gold | 75-85Au, 8-10Ni, 2-9Zn |
| 80% | Palau | 80Au, 20Pd |
| 75% | Gold sonler l6 carat | 75Au, 17Ag, 8.3Cu |
| 75% | Gold 18 carat | 75Au, 10-20Ag, 5-15Cu |
| 75% | Jewelry | 75Au, 24Cu |
| 63-75% | Gold solder 18 carat | 63-75Au, 13-31Ag, 6.3-12Cu |
| 70% | Platinum substitute, electrical | 70Au, 25Ag, 5Ni, or Pt |
| 68% | Platinum substitute, electrical | 68Au, 25Ag, 7.5Pt |
| 67% | Pen metal | 67Au, 25Cu, 8Ag |
| 67% | Gold 16 carat | 67Au, 8-27Cu, 6.6-26Ag |
| 63% | Gold solder, best | 63Au, 23Ag, 15Cu |
| 62.5% | Gold 15 carat | 62.5Au (min), 13Cu, 11Ag |
| 60% | Platinum gold, white | 60Au, 40Pt |
| 58.33% | Gold 14 carat | 58.33Au, 14-28Cu, 4-28Ag |
| 58% | Gold 14 carat dental | 58Au, 30Ag, 12Cu |
| 55% | Gold solder, easy melt | 55Au, 32Ag, 14Cu |
| 50% | Dark red gold | 50Au, 50Cu |
| 50% | Gold solder 12 carat | 50Au, 35Cu, 15Ag |
| 50% | Gold solder 14 carat | 50 Au, 33Ag, 17Cu |
| 47% | Gold 8 carat | 47Cu, 33Au, 20Ag |
| 42% | Gold 10 carat | 42Au, 38-46Cu, 12-20Ag |
| 41% | Gold solder 10 carat | 41Au, 37Ag, 21Cu, 0.6 brass |
| 40% | Gold solder 8 carat | 40Au, 37Ag, 23Cu |
| 31% | Palladium gold | 40Cu, 31Au, 19Ag, 10Pd |
| 0% | Cooper's gold | 67-81Cu, 19-30Pt, 0-4Zn |
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| Percentage | Name | Composition |
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| 95.84% | Brittania Silver | 95.84Ag, 4.16Cu |
| 92.5% | Standard (sterling) silver | 92.5Ag, 7.5Cu |
| 92.5% | Standard cadmium silver | 92.5Ag, 5.75Cu, 1.75Cd |
| 92% | Silver-rupee | 92Ag, 8Cu |
| 90% | Silver U.S. coins | 90Ag, 10Cu |
| 80% | Jewelry | 80Ag, 20Cu |
| 80% | Silver solder, hard | 80Ag, 13Cu, 6.8Zn |
| 75% | Silver solder, medium | 75Ag, 20Cu, 5Zn |
| 73% | Platinum solder | 73Ag, 27Pt |
| 70% | Platinum substitute (Cooper's) | 70 Ag, 25Pt, 5Ni |
| 70% | Platinum substitute (Cooper's) | 70Ag, 25Pd, 5Co |
| 66.7% | Platinum silver | 66.7Ag, 33.3Pt |
| 66% | Silver solder, French | 66Ag, 23Cu, 10Zn |
| 63% | Silver solder, common | 63Ag, 30Cu, 7.5Zn |
| 55% | Gold solder, very easy melt | 55Ag, 29Cu, 12Au, 5.5Zn |
| 40% | Silver solder, Bu. Stands | 40Ag, 40Sn, 14Cu, 6Zn |
| 2% | Chinese silver | 58Cu, 17.5Zn, 11.5Ni, 11Co, 2Ag |
| 0% | Nickel silver 18% A | 65Cu, 18Ni, 17Zn |
| 0% | Nickel silver 18% B | 55Cu, 18Ni, 27Zn |
| 0% | German silver | 80Cu, 25Zn, 15Ni |
| 0% | German silver, common formula | 55Cu, 25Zn, 20Ni |
| 0% | German silver | 52Cu, 26Zn, 22Ni |
| 0% | Dienett's German silver | 51Cu, 32Zn, 9.5Pb, 6.4Ni, 1.6Sn |
| 0% | German silver, Birmingham | 50-62Cu, 20-32Zn, 12-30Ni |
| 0% | German silver, Austrian (Gersdorf) | 50-60Cu, 20-5Zn, 20-5Ni |
| 0% | German silver, best | 46Cu, 34Zn, 20Ni |
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